RAM stands for Random
Access Memory. A part of the computer
system that is very important. Not only on a PC or
notebook computer that requires RAM, PDAs and many other electronic
devices, too, requires this section.
And for every level of equipment has different needs. Let's say a computer that still uses the old operating system such as Windows 98, then the RAM will not be required for computers using Windows XP as its operating system.
In addition to the operating system, run any application that relies heavily on RAM. The heavier the application to be executed, then the RAM will be even greater weight. Since the RAM was for temporary applications or data being accessed is stored.
As for buying a RAM, not just weight that will be a major consideration. But there are also other aspects that do not have to participate equally important consideration. Such as speed, type, type of socket, and motherboard are used.
Because today, in addition to every application has a need for different systems, the presence of the RAM was already very diverse. Meanwhile, increasingly affordable price. The technology is in RAM continues to grow. Start finding of DDR, dual-channel system, up to now is still very new DDR2.
Not to mention the speed is also becoming more and more quickly. From only 66 MHz to 600 MHz have now been reached. So it is with capacity. Ten years ago, 8 MB RAM is still very easy to find, but now the RAM is very difficult to find. The vendors offer more computing devices with the RAM memory of 128 MB per disc minimum. What steps have been traversed so far RAM in its development.
But before discussing about the technology that developed in the RAM yourself, it helps if you first understand what is actually done on the RAM in a computer system so that its presence can improve the performance of a computer.
Working RAM If the computer is analogous to a library, then the RAM is the front of the library staff. Try drawing your attention. In a computer, there is some storage space at the rear space is the final storage space, namely the hard drive. RAM itself is located on the storage space right in front of the hard disk. RAM is temporary storage.
All existing data on the data RAM is currently running or being used or have recently completed for use. All data compiled in a shelf like a book. It's called the line is also called a column. This is to facilitate the search and placement.
To be able to operate, require RAM memory controller is usually provided by the motherboard. If RAM is analogous as storage space, the memory controller acts as the librarian. In his study, a librarian will be assisted by the stairs that makes it easier to rack as desired. For more details, working in RAM will be described as follows:
And for every level of equipment has different needs. Let's say a computer that still uses the old operating system such as Windows 98, then the RAM will not be required for computers using Windows XP as its operating system.
In addition to the operating system, run any application that relies heavily on RAM. The heavier the application to be executed, then the RAM will be even greater weight. Since the RAM was for temporary applications or data being accessed is stored.
As for buying a RAM, not just weight that will be a major consideration. But there are also other aspects that do not have to participate equally important consideration. Such as speed, type, type of socket, and motherboard are used.
Because today, in addition to every application has a need for different systems, the presence of the RAM was already very diverse. Meanwhile, increasingly affordable price. The technology is in RAM continues to grow. Start finding of DDR, dual-channel system, up to now is still very new DDR2.
Not to mention the speed is also becoming more and more quickly. From only 66 MHz to 600 MHz have now been reached. So it is with capacity. Ten years ago, 8 MB RAM is still very easy to find, but now the RAM is very difficult to find. The vendors offer more computing devices with the RAM memory of 128 MB per disc minimum. What steps have been traversed so far RAM in its development.
But before discussing about the technology that developed in the RAM yourself, it helps if you first understand what is actually done on the RAM in a computer system so that its presence can improve the performance of a computer.
Working RAM If the computer is analogous to a library, then the RAM is the front of the library staff. Try drawing your attention. In a computer, there is some storage space at the rear space is the final storage space, namely the hard drive. RAM itself is located on the storage space right in front of the hard disk. RAM is temporary storage.
All existing data on the data RAM is currently running or being used or have recently completed for use. All data compiled in a shelf like a book. It's called the line is also called a column. This is to facilitate the search and placement.
To be able to operate, require RAM memory controller is usually provided by the motherboard. If RAM is analogous as storage space, the memory controller acts as the librarian. In his study, a librarian will be assisted by the stairs that makes it easier to rack as desired. For more details, working in RAM will be described as follows:
- A librarian will seek first the location of books, both of which would be taken or that will be placed.
- Then the librarian would encourage the stairs to the column in question.
- Then with the help of the stairs was the librarian would go to line shelves where the books will be taken / placed.
- After that back to her desk, of course with books that are taken (if indeed his departure is to take the book).
- And the last is to hand it to someone who will lend.
Time required for a
memory controller (librarian in a library) in conducting its work will
make the delivery of data to be delayed.
Therefore, in selecting the RAM there are some things that should be part of the consideration, among others, is the RAM speed itself.
Speed RAM technology development has been growing very rapidly. This of course affects the speed of the RAM itself. At the time of SDRAM was introduced, with a clock speed (rotation speed) 66 MHz, SDRAM is able to deliver data at speeds up to 533 MB / sec. Then as the clock speed increases faster, the speed of delivery datapun be faster.
For SDRAM with 133 MHz clock speed, the data is delivered to reach 1.066 GB / sec. After the SDRAM, appeared a new type of RAM called DDR. DDR first appeared, it has the same clock speed of 100 MHz SDRAM, but although the same data delivery speed is much greater DDR. This is due in a single rotation DDR doing two jobs at once (pengoperasionalan). In contrast to the SDRAM which only perform one pengoperasionalan. The result: on DDR with a clock speed of 100 MHz, the data generated can reach 2.1 GB / sec. Value which is the reason why this is called DDR DDR PC2100 type.
To date, the maximum value that is recognized by the JEDEC Solid State Technology Association, an association that is responsible about this memory standard is a value that is owned by the DDR400 PC3200, which is 3.2 GB / sec. Though currently there are few manufacturers offer RAM that RAM with a speed far greater. Such as Corsair, Kingston, Mushkin, and some other manufacturers already have the courage to offer the type of DDR PC3700 and PC4000, each capable of delivering data at speeds 3.7 GB / s and 4 GB / sec. Unfortunately, DDR is still hard to find in the market, especially in Indonesia.
DDR with high speed is very suitable for the needs of gamers and for users who very often use a system overclock. Because of this high-speed DDR capable of handling the operation of which requires high heat, such as overclocking application.
RAM Technology Speaking of speed is strongly influenced by the type of RAM itself. And from time to time this technology continues to grow. Today, many PCs have been using DDR RAM with a speed that continued to be improved. But actually, there are other types of RAM that its development is not too sound has a much faster speed than DDR. Even when compared with DDR PC4000 though. RAM is called RDRAM.
RDRAM is very rarely discussed and its use was rarely cater for individuals or regular PC workstation. RDRAM more intended for servers or other users who are very requires high-speed memory.
The quality possessed by RDRAM cause the price is very high. And to find it was not as easy as SDRAM or DDR. Using a module called RDRAM RIMM. In contrast to the modules that are owned or DDR SRAM using data transfer in parallel on 64-bit data bus. RDRAM uses a serial data transfer at 16-bit data bus.
RDRAM The most commonly used is the RDRAM that has speed 1.6 GB / sec. RDRAM is better known as RIMM1600.
While RDRAM which uses 16-bit data bus at this time is to achieve speeds of 2.4 GB / sec (RIMM2400).
As for the type, there are two kinds of RDRAM The first is that work on 16-bit data bus and the second is the RDRAM that works on 32-bit data bus. If RDRAM that work on 16-bit data bus has a pin number as many as 184 pin and cater for single-channel system, the RDRAM that work on 32-bit data bus has a number of pins 242 pins, and intended for dual-channel system. And one more that is characteristic of RDRAM is a facility that can keep the memory is not hot.
The actual performance may not be much different, but for some systems using RDRAM will support even more servers. Therefore, the most widely used RDRAM is the server.
DDR2 After the success of DDR on the market, currently the IT community will be spoiled again with the emergence of a new technology in RAM, which is DDR2. What if will be introduced later this year or early next year. What kind of details about the DDR is not much that can be discussed. But certainly his presence is to correct deficiencies that are owned by DDR previous versions, such as:
Energy: DDR2 requires less energy than half the energy required to operate regular DDR, so as to reduce heat on the computer. Especially on a notebook which automatically will also save more battery.
High clock speed: DDR2 using initial clock speed of 400 MHz. This value is also still could be increased to 800 MHz. Resilience: With DDR2 memory, you can have one keeping 2 GB and attached to a single bank module.
Because the durability of DDR2 is still better than regular DDR.
Therefore, in selecting the RAM there are some things that should be part of the consideration, among others, is the RAM speed itself.
Speed RAM technology development has been growing very rapidly. This of course affects the speed of the RAM itself. At the time of SDRAM was introduced, with a clock speed (rotation speed) 66 MHz, SDRAM is able to deliver data at speeds up to 533 MB / sec. Then as the clock speed increases faster, the speed of delivery datapun be faster.
For SDRAM with 133 MHz clock speed, the data is delivered to reach 1.066 GB / sec. After the SDRAM, appeared a new type of RAM called DDR. DDR first appeared, it has the same clock speed of 100 MHz SDRAM, but although the same data delivery speed is much greater DDR. This is due in a single rotation DDR doing two jobs at once (pengoperasionalan). In contrast to the SDRAM which only perform one pengoperasionalan. The result: on DDR with a clock speed of 100 MHz, the data generated can reach 2.1 GB / sec. Value which is the reason why this is called DDR DDR PC2100 type.
To date, the maximum value that is recognized by the JEDEC Solid State Technology Association, an association that is responsible about this memory standard is a value that is owned by the DDR400 PC3200, which is 3.2 GB / sec. Though currently there are few manufacturers offer RAM that RAM with a speed far greater. Such as Corsair, Kingston, Mushkin, and some other manufacturers already have the courage to offer the type of DDR PC3700 and PC4000, each capable of delivering data at speeds 3.7 GB / s and 4 GB / sec. Unfortunately, DDR is still hard to find in the market, especially in Indonesia.
DDR with high speed is very suitable for the needs of gamers and for users who very often use a system overclock. Because of this high-speed DDR capable of handling the operation of which requires high heat, such as overclocking application.
RAM Technology Speaking of speed is strongly influenced by the type of RAM itself. And from time to time this technology continues to grow. Today, many PCs have been using DDR RAM with a speed that continued to be improved. But actually, there are other types of RAM that its development is not too sound has a much faster speed than DDR. Even when compared with DDR PC4000 though. RAM is called RDRAM.
RDRAM is very rarely discussed and its use was rarely cater for individuals or regular PC workstation. RDRAM more intended for servers or other users who are very requires high-speed memory.
The quality possessed by RDRAM cause the price is very high. And to find it was not as easy as SDRAM or DDR. Using a module called RDRAM RIMM. In contrast to the modules that are owned or DDR SRAM using data transfer in parallel on 64-bit data bus. RDRAM uses a serial data transfer at 16-bit data bus.
RDRAM The most commonly used is the RDRAM that has speed 1.6 GB / sec. RDRAM is better known as RIMM1600.
While RDRAM which uses 16-bit data bus at this time is to achieve speeds of 2.4 GB / sec (RIMM2400).
As for the type, there are two kinds of RDRAM The first is that work on 16-bit data bus and the second is the RDRAM that works on 32-bit data bus. If RDRAM that work on 16-bit data bus has a pin number as many as 184 pin and cater for single-channel system, the RDRAM that work on 32-bit data bus has a number of pins 242 pins, and intended for dual-channel system. And one more that is characteristic of RDRAM is a facility that can keep the memory is not hot.
The actual performance may not be much different, but for some systems using RDRAM will support even more servers. Therefore, the most widely used RDRAM is the server.
DDR2 After the success of DDR on the market, currently the IT community will be spoiled again with the emergence of a new technology in RAM, which is DDR2. What if will be introduced later this year or early next year. What kind of details about the DDR is not much that can be discussed. But certainly his presence is to correct deficiencies that are owned by DDR previous versions, such as:
Energy: DDR2 requires less energy than half the energy required to operate regular DDR, so as to reduce heat on the computer. Especially on a notebook which automatically will also save more battery.
High clock speed: DDR2 using initial clock speed of 400 MHz. This value is also still could be increased to 800 MHz. Resilience: With DDR2 memory, you can have one keeping 2 GB and attached to a single bank module.
Because the durability of DDR2 is still better than regular DDR.
- Size: In terms of size, DDR2 is still smaller than regular DDR.
- Connection technology: DDR2 uses connection technology called Ball Grid Array (BGA), which has not been used on regular DDR.
The presence of DDR2 is
very encouraging, but that does not mean you should rush discard your
old computer or postpone buying a new computer. Because his presence is
still very long, besides the presence of the existing RAM technology is
still very adequate for most needs us. Therefore, do not be too
hasty to discard your old computer.
Dual-channel In the discussion of RDRAM had alluded to the dual-channel system. Actually the discussion of this technology has been discussed previously. That by using dual-channel, then the RAM can work twice as fast. Why can more quickly? Because by using dual-channel system, the system will transfer data to the data bus whose value is doubled. For DDR memory that use 64-bit data bus. The number of bits it will be 128-bits. And for RDRAM that use the data but 16-bit, will turn into 32-bit.
However, dual-channel can not be done haphazardly. For those who will use DDR RAM, the motherboard it should also support this system. If not, then the dual-channel can not be used. As for who will be using RDRAM, not only its motherboards are different, but any form of RAM is different. For those who will pair the dual-channel RDRAM, the RAM should have a pin 242 pin. Unlike the single-channel RDRAM RDRAM brother "who uses only 184 pin pin count.
And another thing that should again look at is the speed, size, and brand should be the same. It is currently available motherboards capable of running dual-channel system with a different brand of memory, but there are better if you do not do this now because the reliability of such systems is not fully proven to be reliable. Since typically each RAM with different manufacturers have different characteristics as well. So if forced to work together will happen ketidakkompakan.
What about size? What about size? Does adding RAM size can participate speed computer work? The answer: Yes! Of course. Think of it like this: if space the front of your library getting bigger, of course, books can come and go to more and more, right? So that a librarian does not always have to look for another book (which does not fit on the front) into the warehouse / back, which of course will take much longer.
So how much RAM is right for your computer? Depending on what you do with your computer. To run an operating system like Windows XP, you need 128 MB of RAM, then if you run an application for browsing, for example with IE, you need extra RAM, then to open the e-mail with the Express, will grow again, and the latter to run the Office applications will grow again not to mention the 128 MB of data that is opened. That was just the application alone. So for those needs, you must provide at least 256 MB of memory. Whereas if you're running the most demanding multimedia applications this amount will increase many times fold. Therefore, caution in buying memory you need with your computer later.
Single or Dual Banks? Leaving the memory on a motherboard is very easy, but note the first before the slot provided. There are some motherboards that only provides only one RAM slot or usually called single bank, but many also offer a motherboard memory with Dual Banks, even some that offer three to four banks.
Usually the motherboard that provides three RAM slots. Dividing the two slots, one specific to the system and two Single Bank to be used for Dual Bank. Do not just pay attention to the slot provided, note also the module to upgrade your computer, then consider your RAM modules are very important. For if different from the RAM module to purchase, then the RAM will not be used. Modules at different RAM.
The number of pins and the physical size of a RAM will influence the modules from the RAM itself. Example RDRAM module with SDRAM, both of course different. Similarly, the RAM is used on notebook. RAM on a notebook has a number of pins are far fewer than the number of pins of RAM that is used on a PC or server. The difference is owned by the RAM module is affecting how the delivery of data (data transfer by the RAM itself). Usually a very distinguished one module with another module that is pin number, which is where more and more the physical form of RAM will become longer. And not only just a different length, width of the RAM were sometimes also different in each module.
Therefore, when you will buy a new RAM note the motherboard used. This is very important, so that RAM can be purchased will be maximally used.
Error Checking In the box or boxes of RAM is usually the words "ECC suport." What is ECC? ECC stands for Error Corection Code. RAM has ECC support means to fix errors experienced by itself. How do I? In each 8-bit data in RAM, there are additional bits of data again that was deliberately used to perform error checking and error correction.
How many bits of its value, depending on the use of buses. ECC is also able to detect if there is more than one bit error. But the error of this kind are very rare, and usually will be difficult to repair. While the public was usually only one error in bit. This is what might be able to be corrected by ECC.
In addition to ECC, there is also the RAM is only equipped with error checking facilities only. If using this RAM at fault or error occurs, then the computer will not do anything not like the ECC that will fix it. With this RAM data will be uninstalled and the system will try again to reprocess.
The method used to perform error-checking process (error) is called parity. There are two kinds of Parity: Even parity and Odd parity.
Parity of this system, by using one additional bit in each 8-bit data. One bit will be useful as a reference or which will determine whether there is a mistake or not in RAM. The difference between the odd parity and even parity only reference values only. While the overall process is the same. The process of checking parity on ordinary RAM with ECC RAM have different facilities. If the ECC is used more than one bit of data (depending on the bus), while the usual checks using only a single bit of data only.
But at present this is usually RAM is no longer equipped with error checking, because the memory controller on the motherboard models that have now been taken over this detection process. As for ECC RAM which has facilities to be used or not depending on your settings in the BIOS. And usually the settings using the ECC done on computers used as servers. To determine whether an ECC RAM has the ability or not, you may notice on the box purchased RAM or see a clear specification of which is owned by the RAM.
Improving Performance For those of you who do not want to be bothered by the matter set set the pace, you can take advantage of automatic speed offered by your computer, via its BIOS. But if you want to own this speed setting, you can also do it via BIOS.
The trick is not difficult, it's just a good look at the RAM you use. If you install one or two RAM RAM is the same, then at the RAM in the BIOS. You can specify settings for Memory Timingsnya on the choice by the SPD.
Whereas if not the same RAM used, so follow the provisions of the slowest RAM chip. If you do the opposite (set with the fastest chip RAM), then your computer will run unstable.
Anything that can be specified in the BIOS, look at the table. Keep in mind that each RAM has a maximum capacity of each. Do not be too hard to overclock RAM beyond their means. Because if it is enforced, will be less good results on the future health of your own computer.
Usually this information is available at the box memory you give. For example in the box that will appear as the following numbers: 2-3-3-7-1T. So this means, 2 for CAS Latency value, 3 for the RAS to CAS delay (tRCD = timing of RAS-CAS Delay), 3 of which will be refilled RAS (RAS Precharge tRP = timing), 7 Activation for re-charging RAS (tRAS = timing RAS), and 1T command rate value.
While the way into the BIOS must be carried out during the early you start your computer before running the operating system screen, press the F2 key. Then you will enter into the computer's BIOS.
While in each chip RAM, the capacitors are arranged into the form of wafers (wafer biscuit just imagine that you normally eat). Which each row is called wordlines and bitlines of each column is called. Intersection between the row and column is the address of the memory cell itself. DRAM works by sending a first voltage through the columns for to enable the existing capacitors in each column. Then at the time of writing, the line will be known how many electrons hasrus values held by these capacitors.
Meanwhile, during the process of reading occurs, then a sensor will read the value of the voltages on each capacitor. If the capacitor is still there more than 50% voltage, the capacitor will be holding a single value. Meanwhile, if the voltage drop of less than 50%, it will be considered the capacitor holds the value zero.
Architecture Drums RAM is made of a combination of transistor circuit with a capacitor with a number of very much as its main component, in addition to other components in charge of supporting the work of capacitor and transistor. Each transistor fitted with a capacitor-pair to build a memory cell, which means that every single cell contains one bit of data. That is, be a number one or zero. If in this memory cell capacitor acts as a holder of data, the transistor acts as a plug which allows the memory controller for reading or changing data on the capacitor.
In the capacitor to store a single digit, then the capacitor must be fed by the electron. As for storing the value zero, the electrons in a capacitor in the clear. But not as easy as that of electrons in the capacitor will still be saved. For if the analogy, even though the capacitor is able to accommodate the electrons, like a scoop hole capacitor that its contents will continue to be lost if not filled. Therefore, for fixed capacitor can store one number value. Capacitors must continue to be given electron. If not in a few milliseconds of electrons in the capacitor will be depleted. Electron charging back takes time. Time itself is known as the refresh operation. The need to refresh the capacitor is what makes the RAM (which uses this capacitor) is called Dynamic RAM (DRAM). For if the refresh is not the case, then the capacitor will forget what he was holding. However, the process is a slow refresh RAM.
RAM refresh process carried out not by the RAM, but by the memory controller is on the motherboard or the processor. When the memory controller finishes reading what is given RAM, the memory controller to write back to the RAM. The process of writing back to RAM is called the refresh operation.
Dual-channel In the discussion of RDRAM had alluded to the dual-channel system. Actually the discussion of this technology has been discussed previously. That by using dual-channel, then the RAM can work twice as fast. Why can more quickly? Because by using dual-channel system, the system will transfer data to the data bus whose value is doubled. For DDR memory that use 64-bit data bus. The number of bits it will be 128-bits. And for RDRAM that use the data but 16-bit, will turn into 32-bit.
However, dual-channel can not be done haphazardly. For those who will use DDR RAM, the motherboard it should also support this system. If not, then the dual-channel can not be used. As for who will be using RDRAM, not only its motherboards are different, but any form of RAM is different. For those who will pair the dual-channel RDRAM, the RAM should have a pin 242 pin. Unlike the single-channel RDRAM RDRAM brother "who uses only 184 pin pin count.
And another thing that should again look at is the speed, size, and brand should be the same. It is currently available motherboards capable of running dual-channel system with a different brand of memory, but there are better if you do not do this now because the reliability of such systems is not fully proven to be reliable. Since typically each RAM with different manufacturers have different characteristics as well. So if forced to work together will happen ketidakkompakan.
What about size? What about size? Does adding RAM size can participate speed computer work? The answer: Yes! Of course. Think of it like this: if space the front of your library getting bigger, of course, books can come and go to more and more, right? So that a librarian does not always have to look for another book (which does not fit on the front) into the warehouse / back, which of course will take much longer.
So how much RAM is right for your computer? Depending on what you do with your computer. To run an operating system like Windows XP, you need 128 MB of RAM, then if you run an application for browsing, for example with IE, you need extra RAM, then to open the e-mail with the Express, will grow again, and the latter to run the Office applications will grow again not to mention the 128 MB of data that is opened. That was just the application alone. So for those needs, you must provide at least 256 MB of memory. Whereas if you're running the most demanding multimedia applications this amount will increase many times fold. Therefore, caution in buying memory you need with your computer later.
Single or Dual Banks? Leaving the memory on a motherboard is very easy, but note the first before the slot provided. There are some motherboards that only provides only one RAM slot or usually called single bank, but many also offer a motherboard memory with Dual Banks, even some that offer three to four banks.
Usually the motherboard that provides three RAM slots. Dividing the two slots, one specific to the system and two Single Bank to be used for Dual Bank. Do not just pay attention to the slot provided, note also the module to upgrade your computer, then consider your RAM modules are very important. For if different from the RAM module to purchase, then the RAM will not be used. Modules at different RAM.
The number of pins and the physical size of a RAM will influence the modules from the RAM itself. Example RDRAM module with SDRAM, both of course different. Similarly, the RAM is used on notebook. RAM on a notebook has a number of pins are far fewer than the number of pins of RAM that is used on a PC or server. The difference is owned by the RAM module is affecting how the delivery of data (data transfer by the RAM itself). Usually a very distinguished one module with another module that is pin number, which is where more and more the physical form of RAM will become longer. And not only just a different length, width of the RAM were sometimes also different in each module.
Therefore, when you will buy a new RAM note the motherboard used. This is very important, so that RAM can be purchased will be maximally used.
Error Checking In the box or boxes of RAM is usually the words "ECC suport." What is ECC? ECC stands for Error Corection Code. RAM has ECC support means to fix errors experienced by itself. How do I? In each 8-bit data in RAM, there are additional bits of data again that was deliberately used to perform error checking and error correction.
How many bits of its value, depending on the use of buses. ECC is also able to detect if there is more than one bit error. But the error of this kind are very rare, and usually will be difficult to repair. While the public was usually only one error in bit. This is what might be able to be corrected by ECC.
In addition to ECC, there is also the RAM is only equipped with error checking facilities only. If using this RAM at fault or error occurs, then the computer will not do anything not like the ECC that will fix it. With this RAM data will be uninstalled and the system will try again to reprocess.
The method used to perform error-checking process (error) is called parity. There are two kinds of Parity: Even parity and Odd parity.
Parity of this system, by using one additional bit in each 8-bit data. One bit will be useful as a reference or which will determine whether there is a mistake or not in RAM. The difference between the odd parity and even parity only reference values only. While the overall process is the same. The process of checking parity on ordinary RAM with ECC RAM have different facilities. If the ECC is used more than one bit of data (depending on the bus), while the usual checks using only a single bit of data only.
But at present this is usually RAM is no longer equipped with error checking, because the memory controller on the motherboard models that have now been taken over this detection process. As for ECC RAM which has facilities to be used or not depending on your settings in the BIOS. And usually the settings using the ECC done on computers used as servers. To determine whether an ECC RAM has the ability or not, you may notice on the box purchased RAM or see a clear specification of which is owned by the RAM.
Improving Performance For those of you who do not want to be bothered by the matter set set the pace, you can take advantage of automatic speed offered by your computer, via its BIOS. But if you want to own this speed setting, you can also do it via BIOS.
The trick is not difficult, it's just a good look at the RAM you use. If you install one or two RAM RAM is the same, then at the RAM in the BIOS. You can specify settings for Memory Timingsnya on the choice by the SPD.
Whereas if not the same RAM used, so follow the provisions of the slowest RAM chip. If you do the opposite (set with the fastest chip RAM), then your computer will run unstable.
Anything that can be specified in the BIOS, look at the table. Keep in mind that each RAM has a maximum capacity of each. Do not be too hard to overclock RAM beyond their means. Because if it is enforced, will be less good results on the future health of your own computer.
Usually this information is available at the box memory you give. For example in the box that will appear as the following numbers: 2-3-3-7-1T. So this means, 2 for CAS Latency value, 3 for the RAS to CAS delay (tRCD = timing of RAS-CAS Delay), 3 of which will be refilled RAS (RAS Precharge tRP = timing), 7 Activation for re-charging RAS (tRAS = timing RAS), and 1T command rate value.
While the way into the BIOS must be carried out during the early you start your computer before running the operating system screen, press the F2 key. Then you will enter into the computer's BIOS.
While in each chip RAM, the capacitors are arranged into the form of wafers (wafer biscuit just imagine that you normally eat). Which each row is called wordlines and bitlines of each column is called. Intersection between the row and column is the address of the memory cell itself. DRAM works by sending a first voltage through the columns for to enable the existing capacitors in each column. Then at the time of writing, the line will be known how many electrons hasrus values held by these capacitors.
Meanwhile, during the process of reading occurs, then a sensor will read the value of the voltages on each capacitor. If the capacitor is still there more than 50% voltage, the capacitor will be holding a single value. Meanwhile, if the voltage drop of less than 50%, it will be considered the capacitor holds the value zero.
Architecture Drums RAM is made of a combination of transistor circuit with a capacitor with a number of very much as its main component, in addition to other components in charge of supporting the work of capacitor and transistor. Each transistor fitted with a capacitor-pair to build a memory cell, which means that every single cell contains one bit of data. That is, be a number one or zero. If in this memory cell capacitor acts as a holder of data, the transistor acts as a plug which allows the memory controller for reading or changing data on the capacitor.
In the capacitor to store a single digit, then the capacitor must be fed by the electron. As for storing the value zero, the electrons in a capacitor in the clear. But not as easy as that of electrons in the capacitor will still be saved. For if the analogy, even though the capacitor is able to accommodate the electrons, like a scoop hole capacitor that its contents will continue to be lost if not filled. Therefore, for fixed capacitor can store one number value. Capacitors must continue to be given electron. If not in a few milliseconds of electrons in the capacitor will be depleted. Electron charging back takes time. Time itself is known as the refresh operation. The need to refresh the capacitor is what makes the RAM (which uses this capacitor) is called Dynamic RAM (DRAM). For if the refresh is not the case, then the capacitor will forget what he was holding. However, the process is a slow refresh RAM.
RAM refresh process carried out not by the RAM, but by the memory controller is on the motherboard or the processor. When the memory controller finishes reading what is given RAM, the memory controller to write back to the RAM. The process of writing back to RAM is called the refresh operation.
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